Karharot, here's a post I just made on another site, about the Organization's history and "research development/progress":
Your questions are not simple to answer, as the answers to them is quite detailed, so this is going to be a long post/answers for you.
Claymores/Awakeneds (males) were first used on the continent ~100 years ago. However, being males, they were extremely risky, as they could Awaken immediately upon being implanted with Yoma flesh, and destroy the Organization's side's military camps/forces instead of the enemy, the "other side". Or, they could win, killing the Dragons of the "other side", only to return and destroy the Organization's side's military camps/forces.
They were NOT special, other than being male Claymores/Awakeneds. Also, as Awakeneds they already rivalled the Dragons and could kill them.
(So... something suspicious is going on with the island's Black Coats trying to create more and more powerful weapons... Teresa/Priscilla would completely pwn the Dragons on the continent! So, what is the Organization really up to on the island... heck, are male Claymores/Awakeneds really that susceptible to Awakening, or is even this a lie... by the Organization... hehe)
(Yes, these original continental male Claymores/Awakeneds were ALREADY EQUAL to the Dragons... which makes me very suspicious... of what's really going on, on the island... especially when they now already have controllable Awakeneds in the forms of the AFs/AEs or the Awakening Twins, yet Dae and the rest of the Organization is still interested in making more and more powerful Awakeneds that they can control....)
(Also, I had theorized that the Organization used their normal yomas as the grunt-foot soldiers as possibly seen in that battle pic, if need source I'll provide it, initially supported by Teresa's comments, the "Yoma nest" town, the "Spiderman" male AB, and Clare's final test/trial as a trainee, and is now confirmed by the Rabona Assault Battle and Dietrich's confessions about her past)
So, the Organization sailed to an isolated island where they could create/develop a way of controlling Awakeneds. It was a very slow process initially, but then it start to speed up.
(It seems that the male Claymores/Awakeneds of the island, Isley, Rigardo, Dauf, and etc, were native born on the island as humans then implanted with normal yoma flesh by the Organization, and were NOT actually from the continent, but it's still possible they could be too)
First breakthrough: realizing that the Yoki itself could be used to control Awakening, which they called this Yoki Ability, the Soul Link. However, their first attempt failed with Luciela Awakening.
Second breakthrough: Yet, from this they learned about the Soul Link. They had needed perfect Yoki Synchronization and thus no distractions for a successful Soul Link, and these two, Luciela and Rafaela, as merely sisters, were too different from each other to Yoki Synchronize and Rafaela was too "weak" (soft/caring) hearted or emotional.
Third breakthrough: So, they next took identical twin sisters as babies, Alicia+Beth, to deal with both of these issues. As identical twins, they'd be much more similar to each other, and able to Yoki Synchronize better. Also, as babies, the Organization would cruelly condition all emotion out of them, turning them into emotionless robots (until the Destroyer's Infection Ability somehow had broken their emotionlessness).
Fourth breakthrough: At the same time they were developing/perfecting the Soul Link in Alicia+Beth, Rubel got Clare, who would test if flesh other than a normal yoma's could be used for implantation, in this case a Claymore's flesh, Teresa's flesh. Well, Clare turned out to be a success, which the Organization finally was able to realize after the Ophelia incident. So, now they knew that they could use other flesh then a normal yomas.
Fifth breakthrough: With the success of the Soul Link in Alicia+Beth and the success of the non-normal yoma flesh in Clare, they now had the capability of creating a powerful controlled Awakened! Using the Soul Link and whatever other yoki-mental control they did to Alicia+Beth to make them into obedient robots, they could now make more powerful weapons. They could use Awakened flesh now, as they could now control whatever such a super Awakened it would create. Well, these super Awakeneds are the AFs/AEs. Not only are they powerful, but they are controllable though limited as non-thinking weapons (as they ONLY seek their selected target), and even more wonderful, they are mass producable, whereas the Awakening Twins method, seems to take longer to develop them, however they can be given orders and change their targets as they can think on their own, while still being completely controllable/obedient.
Sixth breakthrough: Rubel causes a chain of events that results in the Destroyer, which Dae has gotten his "hands on" via Raki.
Seventh breakthrough: Raki, seemingly due to Priscilla's arm, is allowing him to resist the Destroyer's 2 small projectiles in his left shoulder and their Infection Ability.
Eighth breakthrough: Dae also has Priscilla's arm from the Raki, and has been keeping former rank 1 Claymore bodies, so who knows how powerful these new "super AFs/AEs" will be. He can make only three of them with/using Priscilla's arm however.
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while we don't know if any of this is truthful, as it is coming from Rubel, and Miria's own investigation merely resulted in her unable to find a metal/mineral hard enough to be made into the swords on the island.
However, (I just somewhat recently, re-read it and realized I made a mistake in the above comment), Miria also states that she has checked/investigated everything that Rubel told her (that she could check/investigate) and found it all to be accurate. Unfortunately, we don't know what was everything that Rubel told her, which she had checked/investigated and found to be accurate.
here's what the manga has given us: (see below)
this is taken directly from the (translated) manga and pieced together + my own commentary where needed.
“The Continent”:
“Over one hundred years ago, on a mysterious continent, (HK: containing a mineral so hard that it can never be broken and can cut through anything with enough force), there were never ending battles going on between different countries and people, all for territorial reasons. This continent was not in a state of peace. Than, at about one hundred years ago, the war split into two sides, and began the battle for supremacy.
One side can be considered as the Dragon’s Kins. They’re said to have non-human comrades that have extremely tough skin, and they quickly took control of the battle.
The other side quickly tried to invent new weapons to fight against their enemies. Soon after, the research gave birth to a new weapon, and that is, a weapon that allows a human to turn into a monster. But, because these weapons are too powerful, they often wiped out their own army. So, the research has been left on a small island away from the greater continent. This is the laboratory for awakened beings.
(HK: But, before we discuss about this island....)
They are first thrown onto that battlefield as special soldiers. Soldiers, whose abilities are superhuman in every respect. But, use of their true power is restricted to when they encounter the draconic tribe at the heart of the enemy forces. It is what we call energy release. However, unlike for women, control over this is next to impossible for the men. Almost all warriors go berserk then and there.
The awakened beings’ qualities are a factor too, but basically, that’s how in that place, monsters able to fight the draconic tribe on equal footing are born. Of course, they can’t return to being human. And, because their way of thinking greatly changes with the awakening, it is impossible for them to continue being soldiers as well.
In practice, there are basically none who return to their own troops. Which, is because they simply keep battling the hostile draconic tribe until their lives are consumed. But, actually, they aren’t even suppose to return. They are mere weapons, made to fight to the death. Of course, all of this is not without risk. There are cases where they awaken right next to their own troops or return from hostile territory when injured, only to attack their former allies. That is what this research is for. They are continuing experiments to create controllable awakened beings in these lands.”
-Norihiro Yagi’s Claymore manga
“The Island”:
“Experiments to create controllable awakened beings. Alicia and Beth. They have succeeded in awakening and returning to the human form. We have heard about the completion of Alicia and Beth. But, the facts that they needed something as special as twins to succeed, and that the one keeping consciousness, can be easily targeted if found out, are weak points. This might be a milestone for their research, but it is still far from the kind of perfected warrior that could be used in the actual war.” -Norihiro Yagi’s Claymore manga
But, let me first go back to the arrival of these ten foreigners to our peaceful island and tell the long and tragic story of how they created Alicia and Beth on this small island used as their laboratory for the creation of controllable awakened beings. This begins the dark history of our once peaceful island.
The foreigners’ ship arrives across the sea far from the east of some unknown and mysterious continent upon our small peaceful island’s eastern most coast in Staff, city of the far east. The people of Staff mysteriously disappear and are never heard from again shortly thereafter. These foreigners make their headquarters there, as it is perfect for them with its rocky and barren landscape with many caves and caverns in the outcrops and underground to do their experiments in secrecy. Unknown to us, the native human inhabitants of this small island, they were creating yomas. These foreigners quickly become known as the Organization due to their well organized structure and leadership of their actions.
“In the Organization’s archives, the most suspicious is that there is a report of a village southwest of the Organization headquarters. People within this well hidden village has said that those villagers had a shocked look on their faces when they saw us. It is as if they didn’t know that yoma existed.” -Norihiro Yagi’s Claymore manga
There were a good some many of these foreigners, and they were all wearing some form of black clothes. So, they become known as the Black Coats of the Organization. These Black Coats looked human, but something wasn’t quite right about them, inhuman, in fact. (Even to this day, which is quite some time later, ~100 years later, from this moment in the past that we are currently discussing, all the Black coats which had arrived from across the sea still have shown no signs of aging). They spoke of an upper class predator called a yoma that ate humans but the human villagers didn’t know what they were talking about. These Black Coats asked for and gladly took any orphan boys. We gladly gave the orphans away to them as well.
The hundreds of years of peace had ended with the arrival of the Organization, their secret experiments, and the yoma. Our small island was now infested with yoma.
“Soon and quickly, the older generation, whom knew the truth that the yoma came with the arrival of the Organization, of our native human inhabitants had died off or were killed off by the yoma. The younger generation didn’t know better and believed that the superior yoma had always been on this island as predators to us inferior humans.” -loosely paraphrasing Norihiro Yagi’s Claymore manga
Unknown to the native human inhabitants of the island, the Organization was continuing its research now on this small island into the creation of a controllable weapon against the other side, the kins whom had enlisted the dragons’ help against the side of the Organization, back on their home continent far across the sea to the east. Deep inside the caves and caverns of the outcrops and even underground of their headquarters in Staff, the city of the far east, they created their (normal) yomas, male Claymores, male Awakened Beings, male Abyssal One (Isley), female Claymores, female Awakened Beings, female Abyssal Ones, Priscilla, female Half Awakens, female Abyss Feeders/Eaters, and now the Destroyer!